MTL - The Science Fiction World of Xueba-Chapter 486 Back to reality

"Nuclear fusion spacecraft engine technology principle and related engineering realization roadmap?"

Pang Xuelin was slightly surprised.

A faint smile appeared on his face.

Although this reward is not the best, it is not bad.

According to the current industrial level on the earth, nuclear fusion spacecraft engines basically have no possibility of realization in a short period of time, but referring to such engine drawings, they can find a mature and reliable shortcut to design a commercial nuclear fusion reactor.

This is another black technology that is enough to change the global industrial landscape.

Pang Xuelin's eyes sparkled.

In the real world, the lithium-air battery has set off a wave of energy revolution in the world. If it is matched with a nuclear fusion reactor that almost means endless energy, its significance goes far beyond the general industrial revolution, which is almost equivalent to human beings entering the industry from agricultural civilization. civilization.

Not to mention, after the popularity of lithium-air batteries alone and the escalating price of electricity, after the fusion reactor comes out, it can be reduced by more than ten times.

At that time, cheap energy, coupled with the 5G Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, electromagnetic ejection of space planes ... Pang Xuelin is confident that within a decade, human civilization will step into the scope of interstellar civilization.

"Something busy next."

Pang Xuelin muttered to himself.

"Host, do you want to return to the real plane?"

The sound of the system sounded in the ear at the right time.

"Let's go back."

Pang Xuelin smiled faintly.

...

The next second, Pang Xuelin just felt the picture flashed, and felt a warm body in his arms.

Pang Xuelin lowered his head, Qi Xin wore light pajamas, curled up in his arms like a cat, sleeping peacefully and peacefully.

Pang Xuelin picked up the phone on the bedside table and looked at it at 3:30 in the morning.

Even if it is not the time of hibernation, he stayed in China's solar world for nearly thirty years.

The time interval of thirty years is enough to make the closest people become unfamiliar.

Fortunately, after Pang Xuelin's transformation with a genetic optimizer, both memory and logical thinking ability of the brain have been strengthened more than ten times than before.

Therefore, even if he was just a little stranger after his return, within a few minutes, the figures of Qi Xin, Yao Bingxia and others became clear again in his mind.

Pang Xuelin quickly recovered the state before entering the Chinese solar world.

Before getting up, Pang Xuelin didn't have much drowsiness. He kissed Qi Xin's forehead gently, carefully pulled his hand out of Qi Xin's neck, and then picked up the notebook on the desk and came to the balcony on.

Today is another full moon night. The moonlight wafts down like a stream of water, and the forest in front of the villa is stained with a layer of silver.

Pang Xuelin opened the notebook and imported the information about the nuclear fusion spacecraft engine rewarded by the system into the notebook, and then looked down.

The nuclear fusion spacecraft engine is essentially a high-temperature and high-speed helium ion flow generated by nuclear fusion, which is used to propel the spacecraft forward.

Therefore, this engine is still a working medium engine, and helium fuel needs to be supplemented from time to time to keep the spacecraft powered for a long time.

Compared with the fusion-free spacecraft used by humans in the dark forest, this engine is still an era behind.

But for humans in the real world, this is completely beyond the imagination of black technology.

According to the data provided by the system, the helium fusion engine can provide more than one million tons of thrust, as long as the fuel is sufficient, and even accelerate a spacecraft to sub-light speed.

Of course, under normal circumstances, the maximum speed that the spacecraft can accelerate to is equivalent to one-half of the fuel that the spacecraft can carry (the theoretical maximum value), and the actual maximum value is even lower.

According to the tonnage of the spacecraft, under normal circumstances, a high-power nuclear fusion engine can accelerate a million-ton spacecraft to a speed of 5,000 kilometers per second.

"If you have such a spaceship, you can basically sweep the world!"

Pang Xuelin looked at the rough parameters provided in the technical data and couldn't help but smile.

He knows very well that if he wants to build such a super spacecraft, the prerequisite is to complete the electromagnetic catapult space launch system project as soon as possible.

Only in this way can the load be sent into space at the lowest possible cost, and such a super spacecraft can be assembled in space.

After reading the technical outline of the helium fusion engine, Pang Xuelin began to pay attention to the technical details inside.

Soon, Pang Xuelin frowned slightly.

Because the technical solution provided by the system is actually the third generation of nuclear fusion technology.

In fact, nuclear fusion technology is divided into three generations, generally based on different fuels.

The first generation of nuclear fusion is also called deuterium-tritium fusion.

Deuterium and tritium are both isotopes of hydrogen, but the most abundant isotope of hydrogen in nature, proton and hydrogen, which consists of only one proton and one electron, accounts for the vast majority.

But unfortunately, it is very difficult to achieve fusion, because protium will first fuse into helium 2, which requires two protons and two neutrons, and the mass of protons converted into neutrons is increased, and it also needs to absorb the release of fusion Part of the energy, but helium 2 is not stable and will soon decay to deuterium!

Since the deuterium nucleus, fusion has started, because there are neutrons in the deuterium nucleus, there is no need to change from protons after a long time!

Tritium deuterium fusion H-2 + H-3 == He-4 + n, fusion into helium four + an extra neutron, and the problem also comes from the extra neutron that came out here!

For fission, the atomic nucleus is bombarded by free neutrons to produce fission!

This free neutron still has to be made, but in the nuclear fusion reactor, this neutron is a superfluous thing!

Because neutrons will be captured by the nuclei of other materials and undergo transmutation, a kind of upright material will become radioactive after a period of neutron radiation, and the entire properties of the material will also change.

The radiation-resistant materials used for tritium deuterium fusion not only have to withstand high temperatures, but also withstand the long-term bombardment of neutrons. So far, human scientists are still struggling to find qualified first-wall materials.

This is also one of the major technical difficulties in whether nuclear fusion can be commercialized.

As for the second generation of nuclear fusion, it refers to the nuclear fusion between deuterium and helium III. The number of neutrons produced by this nuclear fusion reaction is one order of magnitude smaller than that of tritium deuterium fusion. At present, humans are used to make fission and reactors. The material can cope with such neutron bombardment.

As for the third-generation nuclear fusion, it refers to the nuclear fusion between helium three and helium three, which does not produce neutrons at all, so it is also called the ultimate fusion.

Here, someone may ask, since helium trinuclear fusion has so many advantages, why not just study helium trinuclear fusion?

Here is another important issue.

That is the specific binding energy.

Strong force is the energy-saving power of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The greater the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the greater the energy required to separate them (iron element is the peak). The binding energy of the element and the proton and neutron The ratio of the numbers is the specific binding energy!

The specific binding energy from deuterium, tritium to helium is increasing. Deuterium and tritium only need 5K electron volts to achieve ignition, but helium 3 will have to make a lot.

A simple understanding is that deuterium and tritium are relatively easy to achieve nuclear fusion, and the energy required for helium to achieve fusion is much higher!

Therefore, when the fusion of deuterium and tritium nuclear fusion is still flying in the sky, it is hoped that the helium trifusion will be a bit early!

Former Soviet physicist and father of Tokamak Azimovic once said a very yellow and violent quote:

"When the whole society needs it, fusion will happen!"

The implication here is that the energy level required for fusion is higher, and it is unlikely that any single country can sustain such a resource investment. To achieve it, it requires the joint efforts of all mankind to make it possible.

This is the basis of cooperation for the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor (ITER).

The ITER project has been delayed due to technical difficulties and individual abacuss between countries. From the 1990s to the present, research on nuclear fusion has not yet achieved a fundamental breakthrough.

Such as plasma turbulence control, research and development of fusion reactor anti-irradiation materials, etc., there are big problems.

Although Pang Xuelin once led and promoted the research on nuclear fusion projects in the dark forest world, at that time, most of his energy was focused on how to fulfill the responsibilities of those who faced the wall, and respond to the three-body crisis. In detail.

Therefore, although humans have successfully developed fusion reactors in the dark forest world, it is still impossible to replicate them in the real world.

On the contrary, the technical solution given by the system this time is more likely to be realized.

The only troublesome thing is that the solution given by the system is not the current magnetic confinement fusion route that is popular in various countries, but uses inertial laser confinement fusion.

Inertial constrained fusion is a method that uses the inertial effect of particles to constrain the particles themselves, thereby achieving nuclear fusion reactions.

The basic idea is: use the energy provided by the driver to make the nuclear fusion fuel (deuterium, tritium) in the target pill form a plasma. Explosive polymerization is compressed to a high-temperature, high-density state, resulting in a nuclear fusion reaction.

Because this kind of nuclear fusion is realized by the inertial confinement of plasma particles, it is called inertial confinement fusion.

However, laser fusion also has many problems. Needless to say, high-energy lasers. The biggest problem of laser fusion is that the plasma to achieve controllable fusion requires density, temperature, and effective discharge time. The product of three is large enough.

These three products are used as an indicator to measure the progress of fusion research.

The three-product of tokamak magnetic confinement fusion is much larger than laser fusion.

This is why most countries, including China, are focusing on magnetically constrained fusion.

In the technical solution given by the system, because the specific binding energy of helium trifusion is high, the laser is used for ignition directly.

Pang Xuelin's attention was gradually attracted by the technical solutions in the computer, and he quickly became addicted to it.

From this perspective, I don't know the passage of time.

I don't know how long it took, the morning light was faint on the horizon, and the red sky was full.

Unconsciously, it was already dawn.

"Alin, Alin!"

Pang Xuelin, an agitator, woke up from contemplation, and Qi Xin stood up in the bedroom, rubbing his eyes and calling himself.

Pang Xuelin's eyes were gleaming, and after hours of research, the results were remarkable.

"Xiao Xin, what's wrong?"

Pang Xuelin turned his eyes to Qi Xin, closed his notebook, and entered the bedroom with a smile.

"How did you get up so early?"

Qi Xin mumbled.

Pang Xuelin smiled and said, "If I can't sleep, I will get up and check some information."

"Hug!"

The girl was obviously still getting up, squinting her arms wide open.

Pang Xuelin placed the notebook on the desk, stepped forward to sit on the bedside, and gently embraced the girl in her arms.

The two embraced for a while, Qi Xin opened his eyes, suddenly turned up, looked at Pang Xuelin foggyly, and kissed him directly.

Pang Xuelin froze for a moment, and quickly responded, giving Qi Xin a warm response.

A fierce morning exercise started quickly.

When everything is over, it's an hour later.

The two embraced each other and took a shower in the bathroom. Qi Xin changed to a white chiffon shirt, with a black high-waisted wide-leg trousers and a ponytail underneath. It looked elegant and stylish, and the goddess was full.

Pang Xuelin changed into a T-shirt and jeans, and the two went downstairs hand in hand. Zuo Yiqiu and Zhou Chen had already started eating at the restaurant.

Seeing that Pang Xuelin and Qi Xin were intimate, Zuo Yiqiu pouted, somewhat unhappy.

Neither Pang Xuelin nor Qi Xin noticed this detail and greeted them happily.

After breakfast, Pang Xuelin and Qi Xin went to Jiangda together, and Zuo Yiqiu and Zhou Chen naturally accompanied them.

Since the official launch of Qiantang Lab, Pang Xuelin has been very busy, either going to Beijing to participate in the coordination meeting of the electromagnetic space launch project, or they are discussing with Cao Yuan the synthesis route of the new superconductor, or they are discussing dynamic APT with Shi Yigong The realization path of technology must also take into account the compilation work of the "Exploration" series of magazines, and there will not be much time for Jiangda University.

Even those few students can only teach herding.

Fortunately, Sophie was more self-disciplined, plus Pang Xuelin entrusted Liu Tingbo to help with it, and nothing happened for a while.

But today, Pang Xuelin had to come back.

After all, Jiang Da is his alma mater ~ www.novelbuddy.com ~ He just received the Fields Medal from St. Petersburg, and he naturally made a report at his alma mater as a Philippine award prince.

This report meeting is not as grand as the previous ones.

In fact, regardless of whether Jiang Da ’s teachers or students are accustomed to this big brother, he has made explosive results from time to time.

In their view, Pang Xuelin could not produce results, that was strange.

At the International Conference of Mathematicians in St. Petersburg, Pang Xuelin gave a report on Pang's 15 Questions, summarizing 15 propositions that may have a significant impact on the mathematics community in the future.

This time at Jiangda University's report meeting, Pang Xuelin made an in-depth interpretation of these 15 questions.

The report meeting is over in the afternoon.

Pang Xuelin, Liu Tingbo, and Xu Xincheng had dinner together in the staff cafeteria, and just preparing to go to his office at Jiangda University, his cell phone rang suddenly.

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