MTL - Into Unscientific-Chapter 459 I don't have a long memory...
Chapter 459 Not a long memory
Right now.
As the general manager of CERN, Carlo Rubia's mood is a little delicate.
If time can be turned back to a week ago.
He will never make a decision to attend the press conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Well, absolutely not.
On the one hand, what he said at the CERN press conference last week was really a bit full. He made the words aimed at Kamioka Lab aoe the whole of Asia, and he still didn't change it.
After confirming that the Chinese Academy of Sciences had discovered dark matter particles, people around would cast playful glances from time to time.
John Ellis, who was carrying the ax just now, even sent him a text message, asking him how he likes the ax cooked, butter or sea salt
The result was unexpected.
Before the incident happened before, the Academy of Sciences came up with a value of 923.8GeV.
This hit Carlo Rubia's pain point again.
Exactly at this time.
Sitting on Carlo Rubia's left, a silver-haired little old man who looked somewhat similar to the German star Thomas Muller suddenly frowned.
I saw him put his right hand on the armrest of the seat, turned sideways and said to Carlo Rubia:
"923.8GeV Rubia, this number is somewhat similar to the 750GeV measured by your CERN at the beginning, in terms of magnitude."
"Compared between 750GeV and 923.8GeV, it is equivalent to a slight difference between 600,000 and 800,000."
Hearing these words with guns and sticks, Carlo Rubia glanced at him angrily:
"Kettler, you might as well speak more clearly, there is no need to hide it."
"Hey, Rubia, you are overthinking."
The name Kettler waved his hand, changed to a more comfortable position, and said cheerfully:
"I just remembered some interesting memories"
Carlo Rubia snorted coldly when he saw this, and stopped talking.
The moment he saw the number 923.8GeV, he knew that he or CERN would definitely be taken out and flogged.
After all, that incident offended too many people
On December 15, 2015, CERN held a press conference.
At the meeting, CERN announced a message:
While searching for two-photon decays, they saw an unusual bulge near 700 GeV.
Repeated research confirms that this is not anything known, i.e. it could be
A brand new particle.
Its mass is about 750GeV, which is much heavier than the Higgs particle's 125GeV.
Even among all particle models, this is the heaviest particle.
Other than that.
Its statistical significance is about 3 times the standard deviation, and the result obtained by the two cooperative groups is about 4 times the standard deviation.
And what is 4 times the standard deviation?
Hard-working students who have worked on spectrograms should know.
Below 3 times the standard deviation is called a sign, more than 3 times is called evidence, and more than 5 times can be called a discovery.
As for quadruple
Strictly speaking, it can only be regarded as a discovery that is more likely to come true.
However, CERN has always ignored these things. Their purpose is to like to make big news, and the bigger the news, the more in line with their personality.
Although they said "this is just a preliminary data, don't believe it too much", on the other side they are frantically carrying out various hints-if they are really low-key and truth-seeking, this press conference will not be held at all significance.
So
Theoretical physics community ushered in a carnival.
Some people think that this is a new particle outside the model.
Some people think it is a supersymmetric particle.
There are people who believe that this is the new Higgs particle.
After all, there are theories that there may be more than one Higgs particle, and its number is likely to be many.
Then CERN turned on the fire again, indicating that this thing may also be a graviton, that is, a propagator of gravitation
Then again.
In just one year, thousands of papers have been published in the field of theoretical physics, including some top scholars or institutions.
For example, the little old man who was eccentric just now.
His full name is Wolfgang Kettler, and Eric Cornell is tied for the 2001 Nobel Prize winner.
Wolfgang Ketterer was undergoing rectal resection at that time. After hearing the news, he was discharged from the hospital within three days, and published three papers within a week based on the results of CERN.
no way.
Theoretical physics has been too lacking in results these years—or too lacking results that are proved by actual phenomena.
So after CERN announced the results, the theoretical physics community suddenly sat up in a dying state, and suddenly discovered new physics.
The result was unexpected.
After a year.
Following the progress of the research on the two-photon path spin2 on ATLAS, CERN raised its hands again, asking all eyes to look at him, and announced something:
Guys, the 750GeV signal is fake, that's a statistical fluctuation.
Then everyone should know about the development of the story, or guess it.
That's right.
The theoretical physics world, which was already in a miserable state, was hung up and smoked again.
Although papers can be withdrawn, black history cannot be altered.
Almost all physicists who have written papers have been stamped with a label:
Big injustice.
This is also the reason why the achievements in particle physics in Italy and Gaul have been increasing year by year—many scholars are now openly or secretly opposing CERN as the only one.
Although in the past few years, CERN has been trying to fill the wounds, and some scholars have accepted CERN's apology.
But when the Academy of Sciences came up with such a value, many people naturally thought of the accident at CERN.
Of course.
After all, this is the home court of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, so no matter how resentful I feel towards CERN, I can’t express too much, so I can only look at Carlo Rubia from time to time.
And just when Carlo Rubia was a little embarrassed.
Suddenly a male voice sounded in his ear:
"Professor Rubia, are you free now?"
Carlo Rubia turned his head and found a yellow-skinned middle-aged man standing beside him.
He also knew this person, it was Hou Xingyuan’s assistant Gao Hongwen—Hou Xingyuan had been sitting next to him before, and only moved to the backstage after the hacker attack and defense began.
So Carlo Rubia nodded slightly and said:
"I'm free, what can I do?"
The middle-aged man leaned down, lowered his voice and said to him:
"Professor Rubia, our dean invites you."
Carlo Rubia was taken aback for a moment:
"Dean, you mean Hou?"
After getting an affirmative answer from the other party, Carlo Rubia glanced around.
Thinking for a moment, nodded:
"OK, please lead the way."
Finished speaking.
Carlo Rubia stood up and left the scene with Gao Hongwen.
See this scenario.
Wolfgang Kettler next to Carlo Rubia snorted coldly, and looked away resentfully.
"Coward."
Although Carlo Rubia's departure has attracted the attention of some people around him, it is not uncommon for participants to leave during such frequent press conferences.
For example, go to the toilet, or go to a restaurant to fill your stomach, or go to the toilet to fill your stomach, etc.
So fast.
Everyone quickly put their minds back to where they were.
Right now.
They care more about another thing, that is.
How will USTC end?
That's right, it's over.
With the CERN farce at the beginning, looking at the thousands of people at the scene, except for a few people such as Lu Chaoyang and Zhao Zhengguo, no one had any expectations for the particle mass calculated by the Academy of Sciences group.
Because in the farce of CERN, the theoretical physics community gave examples of almost all the possibilities that came to mind.
Unfortunately, 99% of these examples were rejected by subsequent ATLAS and CMS examples.
In other words.
If it is a low-mass particle—for example, more than 30 GeV, more than 50 GeV, there are still some possibilities.
Or even bigger, for example, breaking three to five thousand GeV, that is, reaching the order of TeV, there is a certain possibility that it will not be complete.
But on the order of 923.8GeV
Think here.
The tenth row.
Christine couldn't help but turned to look at Lu Chaoyang beside him, and said to him:
"Hey, Lu, you guys seem to be having a hard time this time."
When Christine said this, she was turning a pen in her hand, and her tone was slightly regretful.
She has no obvious preference for the Academy of Sciences or the country of China, and she regrets Xu Yun.
As an assistant researcher at Harvard University, she is too aware of the impact this incident will have on Xu Yun.
Christine, who was brought up by her mother Lisa Randall since she was a child, has a strong desire to compete with her peers, so she heard about Xu Yun's "deeds" before and witnessed Xu Yun's calculation process with her own eyes.
This girl has already regarded Xu Yun as a competitor in the future.
But now this thing happened.
Xu Yun probably has no so-called future.
Looking at Christine with a regretful face, Lu Chaoyang didn't express any complicated feelings.
He glanced at the girl lightly, was silent for a moment, and suddenly said:
"Miss Christine, are you so sure that the academy will lose?"
"Isn't it?"
Christine shrugged American-style, and said to him:
"Since 2016, the interval of 700-1000GeV has been recognized as the Bermuda Triangle of particle physics. No theory can be established in this interval. I want to create miracles in this interval."
“While my emotional mind wants it to be true, my rational mind tells me it’s not possible.”
"Sorry, Ms. Christine, you got two things wrong."
Lu Chaoyang raised his eyelids and glanced at the girl. The vigor of the girl reminded him of an old acquaintance from long ago, but later that guy went to write online novels:
"First thing is... the Bermuda Triangle, it's a hoax."
"The Bermuda Triangle is located in the sea area surrounded by Miami, Bermuda Islands, and Puerto Rico. It was actually a military supply point during World War II, and there were countless planes and ships coming and going."
"The Bermuda Islands is still one of the world's five largest ship registration places and one of the three largest tax havens, and it is also a famous tourist destination. Marriott has opened a St. Regis Hotel in Bermuda Islands."
"The rumor of Bermuda has misled a whole generation or two. This scope is not even limited to China, but covers the whole world."
"But rumors are rumors after all, and cannot become reality."
Christine:
"????"
Before she could react, Lu Chaoyang raised a second finger:
"As for the second thing, you said that there is no theory that can be established in the range of 700-1000GeV."
Christine was taken aback for a moment.
After that, she couldn't care less about thinking about Bermuda, and quickly asked Lu Chaoyang:
"Lu, what do you mean by that?"
Lu Chaoyang first glanced at the area in the first row where the discussion was taking place, and after realizing that the discussion in the front row was still going on, he said to her:
"Miss Christine, I don't know if you understand, but after ATLAS released PaperDraft, there is actually a model theory in the range of 700-1000GeV that has not been overthrown."
"To be precise, it is the only theoretical model in existence."
Christine was taken aback again.
But this time, she took a lot longer to think.
After a full half a minute.
Her eyes suddenly focused, and her pupils suddenly enlarged a lot:
"Lu, you mean yes, but how is this possible?"
Lu Chaoyang did not speak, but looked at the first row with a vague expression.
"Whether it is true or not, there will be a result soon"
Just as Christine was communicating with Lu Chaoyang.
Intense arguments also erupted in the first row area, even with some anger.
"Mr. Witten, what kind of double detection is needed?"
Atsuto Suzuki looked at Wei Teng with scorching eyes, clenched his hands into fists and danced in the air, with a very firm attitude:
"Particle collisions of the order of 923.8GeV require the collision energy level of TeV. At present, the hard X-ray FEL device can only reach 50GeV, and the synchrotron radiation laboratory of the University of Science and Technology in Huaxia can only reach 800MeV. A thousand times!"
"If you want to verify the magnitude of 923.8GeV, only a few institutions in the world can complete it, and the required process and cost are extremely huge."
"So I think we only need to verify the 11.4514GeV particle. Once we find this particle, can't we prove who is right and who is wrong?"
Atsuto Suzuki’s remarks won the approval of many scholars.
Under other circumstances, they might have doubts about Atsuto Suzuki's point of view.
But the current situation is different.
The joke of CERN back then has already given the calculation data of the Academy of Sciences a dead hammer that is almost unsolvable.
Under this precondition.
If it can be proved that the particle of 11.4514GeV exists, there is really no need to spend a lot of time on the TeV collision experiment.
After all, looking around the world, there are only a handful of accelerators capable of high TeV levels.
That's right.
TeV level accelerator.
The concept of an accelerator must be familiar to everyone. In the original 1850 copy, Xu Yun also built a simple electron accelerator.
But what is the significance of the accelerator, and how much is its energy level upper limit, but few people know it.
first.
The uncertainty principle states that the position and momentum of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously.
So to see smaller things, the wavelength of particles emitted by the "light source" needs to be shorter:
Since the speed of light is equal to the product of wavelength and frequency, and the energy is equal to the product of Planck's constant and frequency, therefore, a particle with a shorter wavelength means greater energy.
That is to say.
To see small elementary particles clearly, it is necessary to collide with detection particles carrying huge energy.
So we need to accelerate the detection particles to a very high energy, and the device that can do this work is the particle accelerator.
And what kind of energy level can detect what kind of particles, and what is the relationship between them and the fundamental force? (I only said once that some of the content I wrote was the starting point or even the only online article. Today is the second time. Interested students can use a pen and paper to understand)
First of all, you can draw an XY coordinate on the paper.
Among them, the X-axis is divided into four parts, and the microcosmic effects of the four basic forces are marked in order:
gravitational coupling mass,
The strong nuclear force couples quarks to generate protons and neutrons,
Electromagnetic force coupled into charges,
Radioactive decay due to the weak nuclear force.
Draw four lines vertically upwards for each of these four forces.
Y axis is the energy level that can be observed after particle collision, the unit is electron volts, and every 10th is a grid.
That is 0, 10, 1010^10, 10^11
Among them, the energy level of atom disintegration is 10, that is, 10 to the first power.
The energy level of nuclear disintegration is 10^6.5.
Then, starting from the magnitude of 10^9, the two parallel lines of the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force begin to approach each other gradually.
When it reaches the 10^11 level, the two lines merge into one.
This is the energy level of electroweak particles that can be measured, that is, the electroweak unified theory has been completed.
That is, Mr. Yang proposed the Yang-Mills theoretical framework, incorporating the weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force into this framework, and finally the electroweak unified theory proposed by Glashow.
At the same time, this is also the order of magnitude that can be achieved by the large accelerator LEP of CERN, Switzerland.
Then go up.
The next number is 10^12.
This is the range that the Fermilab teratronic accelerator across the sea can reach.
Following that is the magnitude of 10^13, which is also a very special magnitude.
It is the order of magnitude of the European Large Hadron Collider LHC.
That's right, the LHC.
Currently the world's highest energy level collider.
This is also the upper limit of the energy level for human collisions at present, 13TeV.
Of course.
It's not over yet - don't forget the X-axis forces.
After reaching the magnitude of 10^20.
The original two-in-one electroweak line will start to move to the left again. That is, the line of the strong nuclear force is bent, but the strong nuclear force is still straight.
Then after the 10^24 magnitude.
The electric weak line and the strong nuclear force coincide.
This is the energy level that can be directly observed in the unity of the strong, weak and electric forces—note, it is the direct observation, not the theory.
At present, with the efforts of Yang Lao Weinberg and others, these three forces have been theoretically unified.
That is, the electromagnetic force is proved to be the result of photon exchange, the weak interaction force is proved to be the result of boson exchange, and the strong interaction force is proved to be the result of gluon exchange.
As for the magnitude of the unity of the four forces that can be directly observed.
The number is 10^28.
If you use a conventional linear accelerator, it takes 7 light-years to reach 10^24eV.
Using the wake accelerator requires 4.7 billion kilometers, which is almost as long as the circumsolar accelerator in the Trisolaran.
Okay, this is the end of the popular science. (It’s not too much to ask for a monthly pass for this kind of dry goods, right?)
Therefore, for the magnitude of 923.8GeV, it is really troublesome to prepare.
However, the Academy of Sciences obviously would not agree to this plan, so after Atsuto Suzuki spoke, Academician Pan immediately protested:
"Mr. Suzuki, I don't agree with your statement. When we Chinese people discuss something, we often discuss it from the perspective of emotion and reason."
"Yu Qing, this is the conference site of the Academy of Sciences. As the host, shouldn't we not even be given a chance to rescue us?"
"Yu Li, although the magnitude of 923.8GeV is exaggerated, it does not mean that there is no possibility of successful verification. This is a contempt for the scientific attitude!"
Hearing what Academician Pan said.
Atsuto Suzuki snorted coldly, and was about to refute.
But when he spoke, Witten made a statement first:
"Mr. Pan, Mr. Suzuki, can I have a word?"
Atsuto Suzuki glanced at Academician Pan when he heard the words, and the sight of Academician Pan was fleeting.
I saw him clasping his hands in front of his chest, expressing his attitude with a relatively stiff posture.
Academician Pan's self-cultivation is much higher than that of Atsuto Suzuki. He pondered for a moment, then nodded slowly:
"Professor Witten, if you have something to say, it's okay to say it."
Witten forced a smile at him, and he was actually quite embarrassed at the moment:
"Mr. Pan, from the perspective of a bystander, I think what you and Mr. Suzuki said make sense."
"Since that's the case. Do you think this will work?"
"We will first verify the magnitude of 11.4514GeV, and finally use the specific experimental results to decide whether to conduct research on the magnitude of 923.8GeV."
“.”
After Witten finished speaking, Academician Pan looked around after hearing the words.
I found that apart from Polyakov, the bear man, Mr. Yang, and the teacher Anton Salinger, the kindness and concern were on their faces.
Expressions of many other bosses.
Everything is numb.
This kind of indifference has nothing to do with political factors. At the age of Higgs and the others, the political inclinations that should be shown have already been expressed.
Whether it's Higgs or Hutft.
They are indeed politically neutral.
So they are indeed not hostile to China, but the result of China
Does not trust.
Even if
The Academy of Sciences has proved the existence of dark matter.
This is actually Atsuto Suzuki's idea.
He didn't believe it.
The Academy of Sciences was able to produce such an outrageous particle after discovering dark matter.
Really think that this kind of nuclear weapon in particle physics can be taken out twice easily?
Impossible, okay?
And just when Atsuto Suzuki showed disdain.
In the quiet and silent first row area, an electronic sound from a marketing account suddenly sounded:
"On August 6, 1945, the grill master Paul Tibbets first dropped the uranium bomb 'Little Boy' on Hiroshima. The emperor wanted to surrender, but many generals in the neon military did not believe in evil, thinking that the atomic bomb was the most important thing. There was only one plutonium bomb at most, and three days later, another plutonium bomb was given to Nagasaki, and then... there was no more."
"At the same time, the wife of the well-known war criminal Suzuki Keihisa, and his father Suzuki Jiro, who also killed more than 20 Chinese people in the war and was repatriated to Neon with a broken leg, killed many Chinese civilians, and once stood beside the heads of the revolutionary martyrs The elder brother Masamori Suzuki who took the photo and was repatriated because of the loss of his left arm, all died in the Nagasaki nuclear bombing.”
“This story reminds people later that sometimes, nuclear bombs will really blow up twice.”
A bad news, body temperature 36.9, cold gone, I don’t know if it’s Fuyang.
If Fuyang affects the update, I will return the leader who was rewarded by the classmate who meowed. After all, this classmate gave the reward because I promised to explode the update.
Wait for the result when you wake up tomorrow, I will tell you in the group what's going on
(end of this chapter)
