MTL - Into Unscientific-Chapter 412 The most important achievement of high energy physics after the founding of the People's Republic of China... was born
Chapter 412 The most important achievement of high-energy physics after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Birth! (middle)
"Well. Academician Zhou, if you use the Peccei-Quinn metric, can you try it without the angle of double electron capture."
Actually, from the perspective of volume, the pitch of this sentence is not high.
But at this moment.
Because the scene was too quiet, these words seemed very clear in the original laboratory.
唰—
Almost half a second before and after.
Including Zhou Shaoping, Hou Xingyuan and Ji Xiangdong.
All eyes were on the speaker at the same time.
at the same time.
Somewhere on the periphery of the crowd, Xu Yun just weakly withdrew his raised hand.
It is clear.
The sudden words came from Xu Yun's mouth.
“.”
Academician Pan beside Xu Yun also had a surprised expression on his face, as if he hadn't expected Xu Yun to say such a thing at this juncture.
However, he didn't pull Xu Yun's arm like in many movies, and just beep and beep blame words like "young people are ignorant" like in many movies.
Quite the opposite.
After regaining consciousness.
Academician Pan subconsciously glanced at Zhao Zhengguo, spoke before the others, and asked:
"Xiao Xu, what do you think?"
As Xu Yun's teacher, Academician Pan knows Xu Yun's character very well.
He knew that this student of his was definitely not the kind of reckless person who was aimless.
Besides, as the discoverer of the orbit of the lone point particle, Xu Yun's understanding of the lone point particle is second only to him and Zhao Zhengguo.
On this basis.
Xu Yun may have a flash of inspiration, after all, this issue is already in the discussion stage.
Except Academician Pan.
Zhou Shaoping also lightly supported the decorative non-prescription glasses, and asked Xu Yun thoughtfully:
"I remember you are Xiao. Xiao Dr. Xu, right? What do you mean by double electron capture?"
Xu Yun heard the words and looked up at Dean Hou who was beside Zhou Shaoping, pondered for a moment under Dean Hou's encouraging eyes, and said:
"Academician Zhou, you should know that theoretically speaking, a cold dark matter particle should meet the two characteristics of non-conservation of lepton number and non-conservation of baryon number, right?"
Zhou Shaoping nodded.
As a pioneer of high-energy physics in China, he certainly knows this concept.
Of course.
In high energy physics, the relevant definition is not the non-conservation as Xu Yun said, but the conservation of lepton number/baryon number.
They refer to a kind of additive quantum number, the sum of the baryon numbers/leptons of each particle before and after the reaction is equal to the sum of the baryon numbers/leptons of each particle after the reaction.
In a sense.
This is a bit like balancing in a chemical formula.
Then change the equal to not equal to in the second half of the sentence, which is the situation of non-conservation.
Another thing to emphasize is.
The so-called conservation here does not mean that they are not allowed to produce or disappear, but only means that the law of baryon or lepton production or disappearance must satisfy the law of conservation.
Take the proton as an example.
Conservation of baryon number restricts the final decay state of baryons to have baryons, so protons cannot decay to heavier baryons, so protons are very stable.
But in quantum field theory.
The non-perturbative sphaleron process satisfies the B-L conservation of the number of baryons minus the number of leptons, but it can transform baryons and leptons into each other, which lays a theoretical foundation for baryon/lepton non-conservation—although for most substances, This is a restricted area.
The concept of non-conservation generally involves antimatter, such as electrons and positrons—particles of antimatter exist. In 2010, CERN, the European Institute of Particle Physics, produced antihydrogen atoms.
There is also PET in medical applications, the full name is called positron emission tomography.
PET also uses positrons, which come from the beta+ decay of radioactive isotopes, which are already very common in life.
Of course.
The issue of antimatter will not be discussed here, but like the annihilation of matter and antimatter, dark matter also conforms to the lepton number/baryon number non-conservation.
why?
the reason is simple.
Because the kinetic energy of dark matter is much smaller than the corresponding static energy—this sentence is the real core of dark matter.
That is, the movement mode of the isolated particle mentioned many times before:
Teleport.
For example, the theoretical static energy consumed by a lone point particle is 100, but the kinetic energy of teleportation is actually 50.
The missing 50 is the so-called non-conservation, and it can also be counted as a rebate in the microscopic field.
The above sentence is very important, this is one of the core essences of dark matter.
Think here.
Zhou Shaoping paused, then asked again:
"Xiao Xu, what then? How do you plan to use these two characteristics?"
Xu Yun was silent for a few seconds. Out of the corner of his eye, he glanced at a blank writing board on the desktop, took it over bravely, and explained while writing:
"Academician Zhou, you may not understand that a lone point particle has a characteristic, that is, it will always follow its companion, which is the 4685∧ hyperon."
"The 4685∧ hyperon, or all hyperons, are baryons."
Zhou Shaoping's eyes lit up immediately, and he seemed to have vaguely grasped some clues, and hurriedly urged:
"Xiao Xu, keep talking."
Xu Yun nodded. At this time, he was not so nervous:
"Based on the previous ones, my thoughts are like this."
"We can first impose a special condition such as 1/2*e^2/h to create a short-term breaking field to promote the generation of chiral 4685∧ hyperons."
"And when the chiral 4685∧ hyperon is generated, the lone point particle will 'die in love' with it."
"Because the generated 4685∧ hyperons have two properties, left-handed and right-handed, so they will form a Fermi-shaped excitation region."
"At the same time, we can start hitting xenon atoms with electron beams."
"and many more!"
Xu Yun didn't finish his sentence.
The old academician who opposed Zhou Shaoping's plan before, but said that if he could come up with a corresponding idea and voluntarily contribute to the calculation, suddenly interrupted him.
The name of this old academician is Zhang Gongding. He is engaged in topological physics. His main direction is gauge transformation. He has just turned 80 this year.
Zhang Gongding's hairstyle is a bit Mediterranean, with rosacea, his figure is a bit out of shape, his temper has always been hot, and he can't tolerate the slightest bit of sand in his eyes.
Recall that when Zhang Gong was appointed to be the outstanding young judge, another academician of the Academy of Engineering wanted to ask him to open a back door for his students. Basically, he wanted to promote a B-level notebook to A so that he could apply for a young talent.
In fact, strictly speaking, this matter is not considered a standard back door. It takes some skill to be able to write a B-level notebook. B-A promotion is often ambiguous.
The result was unexpected.
Zhang Gongding directly replied to the other party, "Fuck off", which made the other party lose face so much that he still hates him now.
Of course.
Being able to come to Jinping Lab shows that Zhang Gongding is qualified both in ability and conduct.
Being hot-tempered is purely a matter of character.
After interrupting Xu Yun.
Zhang Gongding frowned, covered his left abdomen with one hand, and asked:
"Little comrade, there is nothing wrong with what you said earlier, but what is the purpose of the electron beam hitting the xenon atoms?"
Xu Yun didn't care much about Zhang Gongding's interruption of his behavior. He knew that this big guy's character was like this, so he patiently explained:
"Academician Zhang, have you forgotten where this is?"
"here?"
Zhang Gongding was taken aback for a moment, and replied without thinking:
"Isn't it the Jinping underground experiment and so on!"
Talking and talking.
Zhang Gongding seemed to realize something, suddenly raised his head, staring at Xu Yun:
"You mean the A1 test hall?"
Xu Yun smiled and nodded:
"Exactly."
at the same time.
Zhou Shaoping on the side also quickly understood Xu Yun's meaning, and couldn't help clapping his palms together in joy:
"Wonderful!"
Seeing that some non-related academicians or academician assistants around did not understand what Xu Yun meant, Zhou Shaoping took the initiative to say:
"Didn't Xiao Xu's previous plan build a Fermi-shaped excitation region? If electron beams are used to hit xenon atoms in this case, something will happen."
"That is, there will be two electrons in the shell close to the nucleus migrating into the nucleus at the same time, hitting the previous proton, and converting this proton into a neutron."
"In addition, in this process, there will be a by-product of this transformation-the nucleon will spit out two neutrinos."
"And next door to our room"
said.
Zhou Shaoping pointed to the wall on the left, and said meaningfully:
"The test hall code-named A1 can complete neutrino detection."
After he finished speaking, he paused, and his tone was a little emotional:
"This detection does not necessarily mean capturing neutrinos, as long as the 'spit out' decay reaction is detected."
"Compared to capturing neutrinos, let alone Jinping's decay reaction, any laboratory in a university can do it."
"As long as we use this data as the framework, we can try to construct the Peccei-Quinn metric wide-area field"
Zhou Shaoping's voice slowly echoed in the room, and needles could be heard around the entire main console.
Mentioned earlier.
The Peccei-Quinn metric is an axion field model, which is very suitable for the detection of dark matter.
But how to build such a framework is a troublesome thing.
This is like a program.
We have known or conceived the function of this program in advance,
For example, it can complete calculations on the order of 10 to the 24th power, and for example, it can download a teacher's short movie in real time, etc.
But how to write its code is a problem that needs to be solved first.
As long as this code runs out, the remaining specific operations are the responsibility of the program.
In this incident.
The 'function' of the program is to control the exit angle θ of the particles, so that the upper and lower signal receivers can avoid the error of the radioactive background through the optical path difference.
The idea given by Xu Yun is the specific way to build a wide-area field, which is the content of the "code":
The Peccei-Quinn metric involves the local u1 symmetry of the gauge field extended from Maxwell's equations, so a chiral symmetric gauge field is obviously a very suitable choice.
The 4685∧ hyperon is an excellent gauge field basis.
It is not antimatter, but it can interact with lone point particles.
And the baryon number is not conserved in the lone particle
Under similar conditions of 1/2*e^2/h.
4685∧hyperons and lone point particles will not directly form a wide-area field, but they can form a Fermi excited state.
in this excited state.
There will be two vacancies in the decaying atomic shell, so two electrons will be 'loaded' at the same time.
Well known.
A proton is composed of two up quarks and a down quark, and a neutron is composed of an up quark and two down quarks.
Proton and neutron transform each other, that is, through transforming a u quark (+2/3e charge) and a d quark (-1/3e) into each other.
For example, neutrons can release electrons and the antiparticles of electron neutrinos to become protons, and protons with high energy can release positrons and electron neutrinos to become neutrons.
The first above is called β-decay, and the second is called β+ decay.
That is, electron + proton = electron neutrino + neutron.
And this time.
Everything is back to the original point:
Lone point particle conforms to the non-conservation of lepton number and non-conservation of baryon number, that is, the kinetic energy is less than the static energy.
Hence the same signal.
The electron neutrinos finally generated by the Fermi excited state formed by the lone point particles are completely different from the signals of the conventional radioactive background. (I'm such a **** genius~)
But soon.
Zhang Gongding frowned again and asked another question:
"Dr. Xiao Xu, if you are going to start with double electron capture, there is still a problem to be solved?"
Xu Yun quickly straightened his body:
"Appreciate further details."
Zhang Gongding scratched his own Mediterranean, counted with his fingers:
"You see, the W-boson plays a propagating role in the proton-to-neutron conversion, right?"
"So the whole process is actually the up quark absorbing the W-boson, so how do you plan to correct the error in the energy level of the W-boson?"
"The energy level accuracy of the W-boson."
Xu Yun's expression immediately became serious when he heard the words.
Now this plan belongs to his flash of inspiration, and the time for detailed thinking is actually not long, or it is impossible to be long.
Being able to say that sentence before is largely due to his understanding of lone point particles.
So now hearing Zhang Gongding’s question, Xu Yun quickly realized a problem:
Although my own scheme eliminates the error of the conventional radioactive background, it has the influence of a W-boson.
The impact level of this part is about 80GeV, and the error is about 7/10,000, which is much more accurate than the 3% error of ΛCDM.
But the margin of error is still very large, at least far from the 'perfect' scenario expected by everyone.
If it was before, it would be better to say something.
But now with the proposal of this new plan, everyone's expectations and emotions have become much higher.
Therefore, compared with before, this time, many academicians are not willing to just let it go.
But how to solve this problem.
Just when Xu Yun was silent.
Suddenly another voice sounded from outside the crowd.
Compared with Xu Yun's lack of confidence in his previous speech, this voice is really weak:
"Xiao Zhang. You can try. Try to add J/psi particle correction"
Xu Yun and others followed the trend.
Xu Yun was startled when he saw clearly the face of the person he was talking to.
The person who spoke this time was none other than .
Wang Yaoping Wang Lao!
At some point, Mr. Wang's wheelchair had been pushed near the main console.
The national treasure veteran of Huaxia Space Technology was wearing a blanket at this time, panting while speaking:
"Use J/psi particles as the background model. It should be able to offset the error of W-boson"
"J/psi particles?"
Hear the noun.
Xu Yun, Zhou Shaoping and the others were startled at the same time.
But a second later.
The astonishment of everyone immediately turned into
Rejoice!
J/psi particles.
These are particles whose production mechanism is not yet clear.
It appears in a relatively common way, mainly including three processes: singletprompt, octletprompt, and B and even element decay.
For example, one of the signs of QGP is the suppression of J/Psi output under high transverse momentum.
Divide by addition.
J/psi->rho+π- is also a very representative strong decay.
The energy of the J/psi particle is about 3GeV. Although it is quite different from the 80GeV of the W-boson, it has a very special place:
That is the W-boson scalar field which can satisfy the symmetry.
for example.
If the experimental process of Xu Yun and the others is a water flow, W-bosons are small magnetic blocks mixed into the water, which will affect the volume statistics of the water flow.
And the J/psi particle is a kind of magnetic pole.
It can perfectly absorb W-bosons without reacting with water flow.
I have to say, as expected of Mr. Wang, he won the bid straight away, hitting the nail on the head.
With J/psi particle patch.
At least in theory, Xu Yun's plan can be said to be fully established.
Of course.
As a sophisticated research program, it is not enough to be qualified in theory.
To make it run smoothly, various key values need to be calculated.
This is not an easy job either.
This kind of data without a ready-made template is difficult to use assistance such as supercomputers, and completely needs to be reset.
Various materials such as the total number of water-based fluids, the incident angle of J/psi particles, etc., can only be preliminarily designed based on past experience.
As for whether the amount is more or less, it is just right.
The only way to verify is to practice, and then debug according to the final results.
But all in all.
The most difficult entry points have all been taken care of.
Xu Yun, who had exhausted a lot of energy back and forth, couldn't help but yawned at this moment.
Last night, because of the snoring of a professor surnamed Lu who did not want to be named, he actually didn't sleep well in the guest house.
So he talked to Academician Pan, and then returned to his seat under the stage to take a nap.
As a result, he didn't close his eyes for a while, and there was a conversation next to his ear.
Xu Yun subconsciously opened his eyes and found that Zhou Shaoping was standing two or three positions beside him, talking to his assistant:
"Little Ma, go to the luggage room and bring my reading glasses, hurry up!"
After the assistant leaves.
Xu Yun patted his cheek, and asked Zhou Shaoping curiously:
"Academician Zhou, your glasses are broken?"
"Oh, it's Xiao Xu."
Zhou Shaoping also found Xu Yun who was sitting next to him at this time, and pointed to the glasses he was wearing with a smile:
"No, no, my current pair is a decorative mirror without prescription, and it can't be broken even if I want to."
Xu Yun was taken aback for a moment:
"Then you can ask Assistant Ma to get reading glasses"
Zhou Shaoping took a look at him, and pointed his chin towards the main console:
"Although the plan you proposed is theoretically feasible, it requires very complicated adaptation and planning to formulate specific operational steps."
"This kind of computer adaptation and supercomputing can't be designed, and other researchers have insufficient experience, so some of our old bones discussed with Xiao Ji, and we came forward to help formulate a specific plan."
"After all, there are few people in Huaxia who are more experienced than us in scheme design."
Zhou Shaoping just finished speaking.
The voices of old academicians also came from around:
"Xiao Chen, make me a pot of American ginseng!"
"Xiao Guo, where are my dentures?"
"Xiao Ji, this lab doesn't have much equipment, can you smoke?"
"Who will give me a pen? Mediators are only suitable for calculations with a pen. After leaving the desert for decades, I haven't used a pen for calculations. It's a pity that Lao Zheng left early."
Except Zhou Shaoping.
The academician closest to Xu Yun is Zhang Gongding, who is very irritable. At this time, he is cheerfully making a gesture of clasping fists to several colleagues:
"Brothers, wait for me for a while. I'll change a diaper and come back. I'm old, except for my head, I can barely turn around, and I can't control some parts."
soon.
Including Academician Pan, all active academicians were assigned corresponding adaptation tasks.
“.”
Looking at the bustling scene, Xu Yun's nose suddenly became sore.
As the top underground base in the country and even in the world, Jinping Laboratory has a lot of advanced equipment.
In some data analysis, it even surpasses the common "national team" and the like.
But when a certain link lacks a template to set and needs to be fully self-adapted.
These devices are somewhat weak.
The only thing that is useful in this situation is rich scientific research experience.
Looking at the entire China.
Who can have the experience of these old academicians?
This is a cruel but undeniable reality.
But watching these 80-year-old and 90-year-old old people go to battle wearing diapers.
Xu Yun always felt a little uncomfortable.
Still not strong enough
Both individuals and nations
after awhile.
A flash of determination flashed in Xu Yun's eyes, and he walked quickly to Zhou Shaoping's side, saying:
"Academician Zhou, let me help you."
"Should I help?"
Zhou Shaoping was taken aback for a moment, a trace of hesitation appeared on his face:
"Dr. Xiao Xu, what I want to do is not just a simple calculation, otherwise I can solve it with a computer."
"Such as the span of the high transverse momentum and gauge field base, it requires very complicated adaptation. At least two or three modules are linked together. Can you do it?"
Xu Yun nodded vigorously:
"Don't worry, I'm sure I can keep up with you!"
Zhou Shaoping seemed to want to say something else, but thinking of Xu Yun's previous performance, he hesitated in the end and agreed:
"Okay, then you can try it, follow me."
Xu Yun nodded and followed him to the test bench.
at the same time.
Within the palm of his hand.
A card quietly turned into a phantom
Note:
I typed these all night, couldn't hold on anymore, woke up to correct the typos.
40,000 words in four days, ask for a monthly pass! !
(end of this chapter)
